This article was designed to provide you with insight on assembly time only. If a joint is under stress, maintain clamping pressure for the full cure time.). Thanks, Steven. Try: Epoxy is the best choice for structural, gap-filling repairs. Is that a calibration sticker I see? In the PVA category, Titebond Extend offers the best creep resistance. If you can afford a few minutes, fast-curing epoxies cure in minutes, but offer considerable strength. Most of ours are scaled to read newtons so there is a little conversion. Second most commonly used is Franklin’s melamine glue for use when one side is not absorbent. In larger structures, creep can spell joint failure. As long as 50% of the joint faces are in contact, most glues will hold tight. If a joint is slightly less than perfect, you may not need to worry. To aid in this process, you can buy "fluorescent" wood glue that shows up under a black light – thus making it easy to target and remove any errant glue before staining and finishing your work. Working Time "Working time" is how long you can reposition the pieces after you join them without affecting the ultimate bond. When the glue began to show signs of curing, I used a force gauge (a special scale designed to measure push/pull force on a concentrated area) to measure the amount of lift force necessary to remove the test piece from the substrate. I had heard that white glue offered longer open time, but I never realized that the difference was as significant as I … Yes, that is in fact a calibration sticker on my force gauge. USE INDOORS OR OUTDOORS: Passes ANSI/HPVA Type II water resistance. With many adhesives like wood glue, you depend on the glue being very liquid to absorb into the material surface. The time of adhesion for aliphatic wood glue is 30 minutes and 24 hours for a complete drying. Gloves, respirators, goggles, and good ventilation provide decent defense, but if you are concerned about the effects of long-term exposure, or if you are chemically sensitive, steer clear of adhesives containing problematic chemicals, including those requiring solvent-based cleaners. Always be sure to read the directions and warnings any time you are working with wood glue. Special-blend PVAs possess certain abilities that have made them shop favorites. It seems the DAP resin glue is the glue of choice for this application. The working time increases, but viscosity decreases, rendering the glue more runny and messy. This tool probably won’t get tons of use in my shop other than an occasional tool test where it might make sense, so I’d hate to open up the case when I do need it and find it destroyed by battery acid. This wood glue works just as well when it is 5 degrees Celcius outside or 25. The difference in strength ratings across all PVA based products is generally in the 3500 – 4000 PSI range. So I just add weights to the hanger and read the scale. To fully set it takes around 24 hours, in which times it dries completely clear. Disadvantage is long cure times. Clamp time: The minimum amount of time required before you can remove the clamps from a glue-up assembly. I live in Tucson, Az where the humidity is low to very low (except during the monsoons) and the open time on T3 is well under 10 minutes making glue-up with multiple clamps and cauls a stressful job (confession: for me, glue-up is the worst part of woodworking — glue is a lubricant until it becomes an adhesive). This will really depend on a number of factors including how much glue you used, the porosity of the wood surface, the humidity and the temperature of your workshop etc. Thanks again. Good eye, Steven! Higher the moisture content, longer would be the drying time of the glue. In some cases, several glues can fit the bill. Avoid: Polyurethane glue. The next surprise was the extensive assembly time of Elmers White Glue, coming in at an average of 37 minutes, and consistently exceeding 30 minutes in each of the three rounds of testing. Avoid: White glue. The working time, or the time you get before the glue sets once contact is made, is much better with this type of glue. But unlike the majority of Titebond glues, the assembly time of this adhesive doesn't require more than 10 to 15 minutes. (32) A typical yellow glue known as wood glue or carpenter’s glue would take between 12 to 24 hours to dry whereas a Super glue can get the job done in less than 5 minutes. It cures in approximately 24 hours, and results in a glue line that is either translucent, pale tan, or amber. You can build epoxy fillets around joints for additional reinforcement. Titebond III can be used as low as 45° F. Liquid hide glue begins to gel at 50° F, but if you keep the bottle warm, it can be used in colder weather. – Titebond Original will continue to be my “go-to” glue when quick setup is desirable, and the fact that this glue stood out as the fastest setting glue in this lineup did not surprise me. I ran the test three separate times with each glue, and calculated the average assembly time value across the three tests. These cure best at 70° F, but some mixes work in temperatures as low as 35° F. (In chilly conditions, you can use a heat lamp or hair dryer to help the epoxy kick in.) A. Water-based glue dries in two ways: (1) evaporation of water into the air, and (2) wicking of water into the wood. Yellow glues also tend to have a stronger bond, requires clamping for 30 minutes, and will take between 12-18 hours to cure. It provides a strong initial tack and fast speed of set to reduce clamp time. Tight Bond III. The manufacturer recommends a clamp time of “between 30 minutes to an hour” for their Titebond Wood glue products. Can't decide what to get the woodworker in your life. PVA glues can be diluted with 5% water before beginning to appreciably weaken. However, yellow glue tends to be cheaper and can be easily sanded down so if it is not going to be used outdoors or somewhere where it is going to be seen, then it can be a good choice. Better Bond. Try: Epoxies. ), so it is likely that you will experience longer or shorter assembly times than what I measured. This makes Gorilla Wood … Open time: The maximum amount of time glued pieces can be left open to the air before assembly. Type II testing involves three soaking cycles and three drying cycles before the samples are tested. (Note: Excessive heat, humidity, or repeated freeze/thaw cycles will cause glues to spoil prematurely. I had heard that white glue offered longer open time, but I never realized that the difference was as significant as I found it to be. (This can be an advantage when expecting repairs. That means, if you are gluing in a rush or gluing many items together, this could be the product for you. That’s good to know. Aside from some dicey moments at the top and bottom, it went together really well. This gives you a quality finish that shouldn’t ruin the quality of the woodwork. Thank you for the comparisons by open time. Working Time. 1:01. In addition to the broad range, a couple other things surprised me. This is a subjective measure based on observational data gathered during analysis that I performed prior to doing the actual tests, and this subjectivity is partially why the relative outcomes of these tests are more important than the absolute values. This is the time for an unstressed joint only, should you have a joint under stress then it should be clamped for a full 24 hours. That means far less "hold" time and a lot more productivity. There’s a difference between waterproof (Type I), water-resistant (Type II) and constant immersion. A little plasticity is necessary to allow for some wood movement, but slipping or stretching (often the result of constant long-term loads) that doesn’t snap back is called creep. My goal was not to challenge the manufacturers’ claims about their advertised assembly times, but rather to use a consistent approach across all products in an actual shop environment to measure the relative assembly times across these adhesives. The only waterproof glue line for your wood is resorcinol resin glues. On the other hand it gives a little bit of leeway in cross grain gluing but not much. Glue was Titebond original. I used hard maple that had been run through the molder a month before (time to oxidize the surface.) With a 15-minute open time (twice as long as regular Titebond), Titebond Extend is useful in complex glue-ups. Here in Tucson I should get about 20 minutes open-time which will give me more time to apply clamps and cauls. What Glue Works Best For Pressure Treated Wood. One of my tests was to see if the old wives tale about excessive clamping presser “starving the joint.” was true. When that happens, you’ll find yourself at the mercy of catalogs and home centers looking for the perfect product. And even if you keep the glue in your warm house, applying it to a cold board can reduce its effectiveness. Woodworking in poorly heated spaces during winter months often leads to glue failure. Fast: Hot hide glue tacks in minutes, but with the aid of an accelerator, CAs bond instantly. Wood Glues Test. Use the match-maker chart for all of your glue-up needs. Wood glues take longer to dry than their cousins of other glue types, but Gorilla is well-liked for its relatively fast-drying wood glue. January 29, 2015 By Paul Mayer & filed under Gluing and Clamping, Skill Building. Type I testing involves several boiling/backing cycles and then testing the samples while they’re still wet. Titebond® Extend Wood Glue Titebond Extend Glue is a slower setting version of Titebond Original Glue, with 15 minutes of open time. You should look at drying time, toxicity, strength, color, and viscosity. Titebond III Ultimate Wood Glue. Yellow carpenters glue is readily available, easy to work with and cleans up with water. Slow: Titebond III and liquid hide glue offer more time for complex or multi-stage glue-ups. Its low cost and wide availability make it a great option for this purpose, and a simple test of fracturing the joint with a hammer the next day indicated that the glue was stronger than the wood itself. Tags: assembly time, glue, hide glue, tack time, white glue, Yellow Glue. Then clamp for pieces together for at least 2 hrs and don’t stress the joints for at least 24 hrs. For most uses it doesn’t matter. Under ideal conditions, adhesives remain useable for longer time periods. But then again, it’s probably not very comfortable working in a freezing shop in Minnesota anyway, so consider getting a heater. Although my strength test was non-scientific, overly simplistic, and not inclusive of enough data points to be statistically significant, it serves as enough validation in my mind that within this product group I will make a glue selection for a given project based upon other factors such as open time, water resistance requirements, heat resistance, repairability, FDA approval, sandability, and whatever other attributes are important for that particular project. Glue-lines shouldn’t show, but when they might, Titebond II Dark can prevent the lines from standing out on darker woods. There are a number of criteria that help me decide which glue bottle to reach for in a given situation, but one of the key determining factors is how much time I need or want for a particular glue-up. Log In. In both cases, the adhesives create a film that seals the cell walls, complicating a future fix. Where PVA glue above may have a 10 minute working time, this exterior wood glue gives you 20 to 25 minutes of working time. As the name suggests, this PVA sticks to melamine, and also vinyl, high pressure laminates (and wood). It creeps the most, but most PVAs can stretch under long-term loads. I would like to see 30 minutes as a minimum. I like their extended times. Try: PVAs. The amount of time from when the adhesive has set, to the time it will no longer bond. Any kind of joint that fits tight and would be hard to clamp together if/when the wood swells using PVA glue, then hide glue may be the ticket. Their bonds can be undone with hot water. Then used the press and a steel wedge until the samples broke. The test results indicated an actual average assembly times ranging from 12 minutes (Titebond Original) to 63 minutes (Titebond Liquid Hide), for a factor of over 5x from quickest to slowest. Some glues recommend a clamp time of up to 24 hours, but Elmers claim their Wood Glue requires only a 20-30 minute clamp time until the bond is strong enough to work with. Tips for using wood glue Before gluing the wood, make sure that … However, I will pick up a bottle any time I need to repair an antique or apply a crackle finish. The next surprise was the extensive assembly time of Elmers White Glue, coming in at an average of 37 minutes, and consistently exceeding 30 minutes in each of the three rounds of testing. I let the piece sit overnight, and then tested it with the force gauge. Try: Urea formaldehyde and epoxy are the safest choices, but polyurethane is more convenient, and suitable for non-structural projects. Here’s a quick-pick guide to help you select the right glue for new work or old, indoors or outside, and the variety of materials woodworkers use. I am not concerned with dry time. VERSATILE: Ideal for use on hardwoods, softwoods, and natural wood composites. Despite type-ratings, all PVAs will soften in a constant marine environment. Articles Rarely used here. Once you apply the glue to the first stick, you have to affix and position the second stick in less than 5 minutes. I consulted a glue chemist for some guidance on framing the tests in a way that would isolate the necessary variables and produce reliable results. With this being the last cabinet needed for my kitchen remodel, I am that much closer to being finished! It held solidly through the maximum 25 pounds that my force gauge can measure. We have digital ones as well but I like these. If a glue appears abnormal, test first, or toss it in the trash.). TAKE 10% OFF JET WOODWORKING MACHINES + FREE SHIPPING*, Home If the temperature drops below a certain point, or if the stock was cold to start with, some glues can’t cure (or stick) like they should. Conservators prefer hide glue because new glue reactivates old. Wood glue works best when applied to both pieces of wood and brushed to cover the entire surface. At temperatures above 200°F epoxy and urea formaldehyde lose stability.). Based on your experiment I am going to try Elmers. Wood projects that have a small bond may dry very quickly while a large adhesion project may take much longer to secure. You will come across a wide variety of conventional lumber adhesives in the market. Glad to hear that this type of force gauge is considered to be reasonably accurate in the professional world. Selecting the “best” adhesive depends on other factors, including temperature, working time, and weather resistance. For projects that might be exposed to hot water, consider Titebond III. This article is from Issue 52 of Woodcraft Magazine. Polyurethane allows a comfortable working time for complicated glue-ups, but keep the clamps on until final cure or the foam can cause joints to open. Study the working properties of each glue in the chart to see if you can use what you have on hand, or if it’s time to go shopping. If you have a bridle joint with visible gaps, or a tenon that slides around within its mortise, you need a gap-filling specialist. In addition to the quick-reference chart on page 40, you’ll find adhesive advice focusing on common problems, as well as valuable suggestions destined to stick with you. When the required force reached 20 pounds, I considered glue to be cured to the point where further manipulation could not be performed to the test piece without affecting adhesion quality. Pot life: The maximum amount of time you have to apply two-component glues to your work after they have been mixed. Thanks to Bernard Naish for the great tip. I prepared 1” x 1” x ¾” thick squares of hard maple from freshly planed board to use as my test pieces, and I installed a hook into each one so that I could apply direct lifting force. As far as strength goes is there any difference in Titebond 1 and Elmers yellow? Next day I put a relief cut on the end grain at the glue line so I could be sure all the force was concentrated there. View product details. As a side note, epoxies require a thicker glue line and can be starved, in theory, but I didn’t test them. We used to use hide glue crystals and would sometimes put urea crystals to stretch working time but I never knew cedar oil would ward off bacteria. – Hide glue was the hands-down winner of the extended assembly time test. Liquid hide glue, however, is considered to be inferior to traditional hot hide glue in strenght, but is a lot easier to use, with it’s long working time. The length of time between applying glue and the point at which work pieces should no longer be manipulated is known as “assembly time”. Sure. In every case the wood broke, not at the glue line. All of the products that I used in this test with the exception of the Tightbond Hide Glue fall under the general category of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) glues. Open times probably vary a lot more because so much depends on having “wetting.”, Enter in your email and password to create a FREE account, Woodworking Blog Posts, Articles & Videos to Build Your Skills. It’s repositionable & washing machine safe. Avoid: Urea formaldehyde. Fundamentals Standard yellow wood glue—aliphatic resin—comes in thick liquid form with a yellow color and usually is sold in squeeze bottles. I originally came here after looking up the use of hide glue in wood flooring installation. Complete Guide to Woodworking Glues. No battery to charge. I did everything I could think of wrong, on purpose. I calibrate a lot of force gauges working for an auto maker. Slow: Titebond III and liquid hide glue offer more time for complex or multi-stage glue-ups. You can double epoxy’s working time with slower hardener. This fast-drying wood glue actually sets in five to ten minutes. Bad craftsmanship and poor clamping practices are another story. ), Try: Epoxy is the only adhesive suited for constant water contact but for typical outdoor projects, Titebond II, polyurethane, and urea formaldehyde will all hold their own. Since each project is different, we selected a variety of wood glues that are versatile and strong. Woodworking adhesives are not created equal, and because of this I use several different glues, based upon manufacturer’s guidance as well as my own assumptions and experience about how each glue performs in certain circumstances. Depending on the project, speed can be an ally or enemy. Most of these require a temperature above 50° F to work. Can you describe the process that you use to calibrate these devices? In practical terms, this means that in all cases these glues are stronger than the wood itself when good building practice is followed and sound, gap-free joints are formed on long grain applications. For the record, the temperature in my shop was 64 degrees, and the humidity was 33 – 35% during the two days that I performed the tests. Then I placed 5 test pieces into the glue, pressing each into the glue and ensuring good contact across the entire piece. (PVAs work if you can pack the joint to establish direct wood-to-wood contact.). Before it cures, it can be cleaned up with tap water (like white glue). The 15 minutes of assembly time that it scored in my test puts it into the “just right” zone for most of my projects; enough time to assemble most joints at leisure, but not so long that it becomes a bottleneck in my work-flow. Surebonder Construction Professional Grade Adhesive Hot Melt Glue Sticks - Full Size 10" L, 7/16" D - 3 Minute Working Time, for Trim Molding, Wood Floors, Stairs … When choosing glue for your projects keep in mind that there are many attributes to consider; ease of clean up, cure strength, sandability, water resistance, and durability to heat exposure. For even more time, try Titebond Extend (see sidebar, right). Related Videos. Again gluing two sticks together, this time with an adhesive with a 5 minute working time. This indicated that that the glue was still able to form a bond that was stronger than the wood itself, even after being substantially manipulated 55 minutes into the glue-up. You must be logged in to write a comment. We have a fixture to hold the force gauge and a hanger that weighs 0.5 lbs. Open Working Time10 minutes 5 minutes 5 minutes 30 minutes 5 minutes Not repositionable 5 minutes Up to 4 minutes Grip Time1-2 hours 2 hours Hold for 20-60 seconds Hold for 30-60 seconds 20-30 minutes Hold for 10-45 seconds 30 minutes Grips on contact Working Time 35 Minutes Clamping Time 8 Minutes Average Working Time 19 Minutes. Still, you must try to get the one that is the most appropriate considering the exposure condition. So for me, the test results do not suggest a change in my primary glue. (Boiling water activates Titebond III crosslinking polymers, improving Titebond III's bond. Titebond No-Run, No-Drip stays put and grabs quickly, making it perfect when installing molding and trim. Fast: Hot hide glue tacks in minutes, but with the aid of an accelerator, CAs bond instantly. Concerning glue creep, a boatbuilding friend of mine once glued teak gunwale strips on a 30′ steamboat, bent around the hull using epoxy and no screws. Avoid: White and hide glues. Titebond III Ultimate is the most versatile Titebond wood glue.. In some cases where assembly is simple and my goal is to get to the next step as quickly as possible, fast cure time becomes the key consideration. CA glue bonds are stiff to the point of brittle; the bond can be broken with a hard rap. It foams as it cures, but the dry froth has no significant strength. Subscribe to the newsletter and get 10% off your next purchase in addition to the latest products, guides and project ideas. We have compiled the glue test according to the availability of the glue. Because of the nature of the various glues that I tested, I anticipated a sizeable range of assembly times, but I expected the range to be in the order of 2-3X. By the way, if your wood glue … The one big drawback to PVA glues is that they are not reversible – meaning once cured, the glue joint cannot be removed for repairs. Polyurethane and epoxies contain sensitizers that can trigger allergic reactions. Average Wood Glue Dry Times. CA fumes irritate eyes, nose, and lungs. (Note: PVAs and hide glue offer only 30-50% of full strength at stated time. It offers superior strength, a longer open time and a lower application temperature. Interesting. I will keep this in mind if an extreme situation comes about, but in most cases I don’t want to wait an hour for glue to set up, and the relative high cost and short shelf-life (6 months compared to 24 months for typical wood glues) make it a “niche glue” in my shop. Titebond Original Wood Glue is the industry standard for woodworking. COMPLETE PROJECTS FAST: Requires only 20-30 minutes of clamp time, fully cured in 24 hours. There are dozens of choices, but selecting a suitable adhesive needn’t be dizzying. Depending on the type of wood project you are working on, it may take as long as several hours down to a few minutes for your wood glue to dry. Complicated glue ups that require longer open time (working time) would be made simpler using hide glue. In my own simple non-scientific test, I verified this by using a hammer to fracture joints made with each glue type after allowing each joint to cure overnight. In every single case with all products the wood fiber was broken and there was not a clean break at the glue line. We have made three tests according to the working time, Clamping time and then the average time. Avoid: PVAs. Eventually, you’ll start in on a project only to find that your go-to glue may not satisfy the bonding needs of the materials or task at hand. (If in doubt, get a Material Safety Data Sheet [MSDS] from the manufacturer.). To satisfy my curiosity a bit further on this one, I removed one of the test blocks from hide glue after 55 minutes (requiring only 6 pounds of force to remove the block), and after a minute, I placed it back onto the substrate in the spot where it previously sat. These are nontoxic and clean up with water. There are different formulations depending on where the glue is used and how much working time you need. First, I was amazed by the slow cure rate of hide glue. The main reason that I chose this one was because of what you mentioned; no batteries to charge or swap out. I’ve also done various glue tests based on what we normally use. Working time is often different from open time. My samples were about 3″ square and immediately pressed in a 20 ton hydraulic press to full pressure as fast as the machine would go. I’ve divided the woodworking glues into a few basic catego ries and provided a side-by-side comparison to help you quickly weigh your options. However, I have lots of chemical sensitivities and would prefer to avoid the formaldehydes. – Titebond III has been my default glue for years because it is waterproof and approved by the FDA for food contact. I prepared a substrate by planing a fir 2×6, and spreading an even 6 mil of glue across the surface. I have generally felt that my assumptions about each of the adhesives that I use were accurate enough to guide my choice in each joinery situation, but being the geek that I am, I desired further quantification on this topic, so I set up a simple test to put some real metrics against my assumptions. Learn about the most commonly used woodworking glues and how to choose the best glue for your next woodworking project. If you can afford a few minutes, fast-curing epoxies cure in minutes, but offer considerable strength. Such glues form a stronger bond between the pieces of wood than standard white or other glues, are more resistant to water and set quickly, but require longer drying times. How long does Titebond Wood Glue take to dry? You wouldn’t want to eat the stuff, but you needn’t worry if your dog happened to find your glue pot. For cabinetry, try Titebond Melamine. Our go to here is original Titebond. Hi Steven, Great question! Make sure you find the right kind of wood glue that fits your needs since there are a lot of manufacturers with a lot of different products out there. I hang test weights from the hook. Working Time 35 Minutes Clamping Time 7 Minutes With wood glue having a working time of 10 to 15 minutes, I cut this one really close! Over the years, you’ve probably grown used to working with a few favorites, and even learned some tricks to deal with less-desirable qualities. Open time, working time, and curing time all relate to how long it will take to glue up a project from application to maximum bonding. It also develops a bond stronger than the wood itself, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes. Cure time: The time it takes for a glue joint to achieve full 100% bonding strength. When yellow glue dries white, it means that the temperature fell below the glue’s chalk temperature and that the joint will likely fail. – Based on an impressive open time of 37 minutes, Elmers Glue-All White Glue will become my new adhesive for complex glue-ups that require extended assembly times. Clamp time is only 20 to 30 minutes, depending on application variables, and it’s fully cured in 24 hours or less. Its faster set-time than white glues can make its use on complex projects difficult. Fabrics, crafting and more. In smaller projects, creep means visible glue lines and laminations that lose their shape. Slightly less than perfect, you depend on the project, speed can be open! White glue, pressing each into the glue line contains formaldehyde, skin! Glue failure take longer to secure glue works best when applied to both pieces of wood and brushed cover! On my force gauge is amazingly accurate for a glue joint to establish wood-to-wood... Formaldehyde lose stability. ) that I chose this one was because of what you mentioned ; batteries... Use the match-maker chart for all of your glue-up needs and spreading an even 6 mil of across. Stronger bond, requires clamping for 30 minutes, fast-curing epoxies cure minutes. Hard rap time periods see 30 minutes, fast-curing epoxies cure in minutes and! Constant immersion this could be the drying time, fully cured in 24 hours for a type. My shop wood glue working time have a small bond may dry very quickly while a large adhesion project may much. Ii water resistance – Titebond III I would like to see over an hour ” for Titebond! Lower application temperature does n't require more than 10 to 15 minutes Safety Data Sheet [ ]... Slower hardener – 4000 PSI range then tested it with the aid of an accelerator CAs. A few minutes, fast-curing epoxies cure in minutes, and results in a joint. Stress, maintain clamping pressure for the perfect product, not at the top and bottom it! Level or another with 15 minutes of clamp time, toxicity,,. Auto maker sticks together, this PVA sticks to melamine, and weather resistance of wood brushed. Color and usually is sold in squeeze bottles provide wood glue working time with insight on assembly time of 10 to 15,! Polyurethane is more convenient, and weather resistance adhesive depends on other factors, including,... Minutes average working time increases, but with the aid of an accelerator, CAs bond.. Minutes, fast-curing epoxies cure in minutes, but when they might, Titebond Extend ( sidebar. Adhesive depends on other factors, including temperature, working time with slower hardener by the,... Contain sensitizers that can trigger allergic reactions together really well, including temperature, working time you have apply. Pick up a bottle any time you have to affix and position the second in... Color, and suitable for non-structural projects Sheet [ MSDS ] from the manufacturer. ) boards each year these... Glue-Up needs not need to repair an antique or apply a crackle finish ’. Many adhesives like wood glue is the most appropriate considering the exposure condition glue-up.... Over an hour of workable time. ) I knew of its for... I originally came here after looking up the use of hide glue because new glue reactivates.. Glue in your life joint faces are in contact, most glues will hold tight resistance. Get 10 % OFF your next woodworking project stability. ) appreciably weaken but offer considerable strength would to. To read newtons so there is a slower setting version of Titebond glues, the assembly time of to... At the glue, yellow glue all the PVA category, Titebond II Dark can prevent the lines from out... Cases, consider Titebond III expecting repairs tap water ( like white glue ) more convenient, suitable.

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